Artemis II marks humanity’s return to deep space with a crew onboard for the first time since 1972. While often discussed as a systems test, the mission carries a robust scientific agenda focused on one critical variable: humans. From crew health and performance to real-time lunar observations, Artemis II uses human data to shape how future missions will safely and effectively explore beyond the Moon. This mission is not just about going farther. It is about understanding how

CRS-21 delivered some of the most innovative science to the International Space Station, from brain organoids and beating heart cells to microbial mapping and asteroid biomining. Each experiment brings us closer to understanding how life adapts beyond Earth.